Hybrid Data Security Approach Based on GAN Teganographyand AES-RSA Encryption in a Distributed System

Abstract

Data security in distributed environments has become a major challenge due to the dispersion of resources, the expansion of the attack surface, and the increasing sophistication of cyber threats. Although traditional mechanisms such as data encryption, multi-factor authentication, and access control systems help to strengthen information protection, these approaches still have certain limitations when faced with advanced attacks and human error. To address these challenges, this article proposes a hybrid security architecture that integrates cryptography and steganography techniques in a distributed environment. The proposed model combines AES-RSA encryption with steganography based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), as well as a distributed data transmission mechanism. In this approach, the message is first encrypted using a hybrid AES-RSA scheme and then hidden in an image using a GAN-based steganography model. The steganographic image is then fragmented and transmitted through different nodes in the distributed system, which enhances the confidentiality, integrity, and resilience of the data against potential attacks. Experiments conducted on a set of images with different resolutions show that the proposed architecture offers superior performance compared to traditional methods such as LSB-DCT. Performance evaluation, based on PSNR (peak signal-to-noise ratio) and SSIM (Structural Similarity Index Measurement), demonstrates a significant improvement in visual quality, robustness to degradation, and processing efficiency. The results confirm that integrating GANs into a hybrid framework combining cryptography and distributed steganography is a promising approach to improving data security in distributed environments.