Distribution, Arrangement and Interconnectedness of Cell Surface Receptor sites in the body of an Organism

Abstract

Cell surface receptors have been identified as the sites of disease infectivity in living organisms in a previous study. Drugs used for the treatment or cure of infections have to eliminate infections through attacking infective organisms at the cell surface receptors to which the infective organisms are attached. Problem statement: The present study examines a wide sample of living things to get more information on the relationship of one cell surface receptor to other cell surface receptors in the body of an organism. Approach: The arrangement of cell surface receptors on the external covering of a few samples of fruits, leaves, stems, dry wood of a plant; wall gecko and some parts of the human body, were examined and photographed. Transverse and/or Longitudinal sections of soursop fruit and sycamore fruit were also examined and photographed. The five different coverings of the fleshy part of a coconut were also photographed. The photographs were studied to note the relationship of disease infection attached to cell surface receptors on the external surface of an organ to disease infection on the innermost covering of the same organ. Results: The results of the study showed that all living things had ubiquitous distribution of cell surface receptors which are usually observable with the unaided eye as dots or spots on the external covering of an organ, tissue or cell. The dots or receptor sites of cell surface receptors in the study are arranged in lines which were perpendicular, oblique, transverse or arranged in any other lineal geometrical form. The lineally arranged cell surface receptors were noted to be connected by grooves, channels or pipes which joined other receptor channels or intersected with them. Smaller cell surface receptor channels emptied into bigger channels or continued as small sized channels that ran side by side in a connective tissue bundle. These connective tissue bundles that carried many independent small-sized cell surface receptor channels joined up to form larger bundles that ran the whole length of the organism. In this way, the cell surface receptors in a locality were interconnect through bigger receptor channel highways to cell surface receptors in other remote parts of the body. This arrangement was illustrated by the sycamore fruit and the soursop fruit. The results of the study also showed that cell surface receptors have functional zonal units with other cell surface receptors which were delimited by cell surface receptor channels. The zoning system of cell surface receptors meant that an infection or a drug treatment of an infection would affect all the cell surface receptors of the same functional unit to the same degree. The cell surface receptor site was raised up when a disease infection at the site was being attacked by a body defence substance of an exogenous drug. Some cell surface receptors were damaged or obliterated or damaged by disease. Examination of different layers of the coconut fruit coverings showed that cell surface receptors traverse all external and internal coverings of an organ or organism no matter the hardness of the covering. They also showed that a disease infection at the outer covering of an organ passes through any number of coverings of that organ to infect the inside of that organ. Cell surface receptors can be destroyed by disease and infective agents still use cell surface receptors to destroy the remains of an organism after the organic death of the organism. Conclusion: From the findings of this study the researcher concludes that cell surface receptors are ubiquitous in living plants and animals; are arranged lineally in receptor channels; have anatomical and physiologic functional units; have a smaller and a bigger reactive head; are the receptors of the main endogenous mediator of an organism’s normal body functioning/body’s defence and are interconnected by a systematic network of receptor channels.