A Resource Conservation Technology for Adapting Argroecosystems to the New Natural Conditions of a Warming Climate in South-Eastern Kazakhstan

Abstract

This article presents the results of research aimed at developing a resource conservation technology for the adaptation of the soybean agroecosystem to the new natural conditions of a warming climate. In particular, measures to combat drought have been studied: The efficiency of soil-protecting technology (Mini-till) and minimization of anthropogenic impact on soil, the effective use of soil moisture and its impact on soybean productivity. Given: -The estimation of changes in climatic parameters on the average annual air temperature by months of the 12-year duration, - the impact of changing climatic parameters (aridity, dry winds, drought risk) on the ecological situation of the agroecosystem and the development of ways of adaptation of soybean cultivation to the changing climatic conditions of South-Eastern Kazakhstan. During the study of this problem, experimental research was carried out according to generally accepted classical methods: Experiment and observation. The analysis of multifactorial field experience was accompanied by numerous observations, surveys and laboratory analyses. Obtained experimental materials were processed using statistical methods. The warming of the climate is a remarkable phenomenon as the value of average annual air temperature indicates a slight global change, where the anomaly of average annual temperature (reaches a maximum of 8.8 to 11.7°С, which exceeds the long-term value (7.7°С)) shows the global warming of the climate in conditions of cultivation of the valuable leguminous crop, soybean. Based on the received results, the ecological (preservation and restoration of soil resources) and economic efficiency of agroecosystem of soil-protective methods of soy cultivation technology depending on the influence of emerging climatic conditions for 2015-2018 was determined. The improvement of ecological conditions of soybean agrophytocenosis was revealed, as it depends on the use of soil-protective practices that mitigate the risk of drought in years with high temperatures. It provides optimal crop growth and development with an increase in soybean productivity of up to 23.8%.