Assessment of Asthma Control in Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Pediatric Hospital in Marrakech (Morroco)

Abstract

Effective management of childhood asthma relies on regular and objective assessments to ensure optimal control. However, the implementation of containment measures during the COVID-19 pandemic has led to the postponement of pediatric consultations, posing significant challenges for children with asthma. This study aimed to evaluate asthma control among children attending pediatric consultations at the mother-child hospital in Marrakech during the lockdown period and to determine the influencing factors. This cross-sectional survey was conducted over one month, from April 6, 2020, to May 5, 2020. The target population consisted of asthmatic children (n = 66) receiving follow-up care at the University Hospital of Marrakech, along with their parents. Data were collected via telephone interviews. The Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT) and Pediatric Medication Adherence Questionnaire-3 Weeks (PMAQ-3W) were used to assess asthma control and medication compliance respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, employing descriptive and correlational analysis. The children had a mean age of 7.5±2.5 years. The findings revealed a decrease in emergency room visits for children with asthma during the lockdown period compared to the previous year (19 vs. 46%, respectively). Moreover, 68% of children who visited the ER during the lockdown had uncontrolled asthma. According to C-ACT results, asthma was controlled in 71% of the children. Factors associated with good control included the absence of allergic rhinitis (p<0.001), absence of respiratory infection (p<0.001) and high adherence to medication (p<0.001). The confinement period had a positive impact on asthma according to 68% of parents. Conclusion maintaining optimal asthma control can be achieved through improved therapy adherence and avoidance of triggers. The conditions during the lockdown period met these requirements, indicating a beneficial effect on children with asthma. This implies the promotion of therapeutic education on medication compliance and avoidance of triggers, even outside confinement.